Factual TV Rules for beginners

Accuracy: 

This rule within documentaries ensures that all of the information within the documentary is both extensively researched and accurate in terms of factual evidence, documentaries may use accuracy in two ways the first being in order to provide an accurate account of a piece of action and the second being used to exploit the truth to give a certain perception to the story and documentary in hand. The accuracy within the documentary "Race riots use " was high,  the information which was displayed throughout this documentary was factual and clearly back up through many forms of video and physical evidence including archive footage .The information provided was thoroughly accurate in order to provide the audience with a clear insight into this delicate subject to allow the audience to gain their own view whilst also allowing them to gain a better perspective of the situation in hand. We see accuracy being maintained within the video at 3:16 of the video whereby the presenter in  this case Reggie is talking about the shooting on a black male from a police officer this is a delicate subject and requires a large amount of accuracy of events and so within this duration of the video we can see the presenter talking to a witness from the situation the victims friend who saw the shooting as it took place. The witness is better able to give his account of situation in order to provide the news a form of evidence and validity with evidence of where it took place, having this witness provides more factual and visual evidence for the audience helping to add credibility to the documentary and to the presenter. Another form of strengthening of the  accuracy within this documentary was the use of archive footage during the presenters explanation of the event taking place from the location where the victim was to where he was shot dead this is seen at 4:06 of the video with a range of archive footage in the form of CCTV and actual shot phone footage from other members of the public the archive footage shows the audience what took place and where it took place, at 4:26 of the video we can see a form of archive footage shown in the form a diagram showing the area in which the victim was shot allowing the presenter and documentary to produce another form of accuracy in their documentary as well as with the facts they are giving. The documentary uses accuracy in this form as this documentary aims to provide the audience with the most amount of informative factual evidence as possible to the situation taking place with the highest level of factual evidence, the documentary aims to educate and provide a heavily accurate range of facts for the audience to let them develop their own point of view and side. 





Screen shot for 4:26 of the documentary showing archive footage

 Balance                                                                                                               
The rule of balance within documentaries ensures that the presenter is giving more than one perspective to the story from both sides of the argument and each side of the story and opinions, the rule of balance is important to the presenter in order to be able to give the audience all of the information in order to allow them to make their own opinions and judgments allowing the producer to engage with the audience more so than that of a documentary which tells the viewer what to think. Within the documentary "KKK The fight for white supremacy" the level of balance shown was that of equal proportions showing the viewer a clear representation of both sides of the 2 races with "The KKK" and "The black panthers group" this clear balance is seen at 0:54 of the documentary where the camera moves to the side and point of view of the black panthers and what their group association is about and what they do, throughout the documentary they show sides from different groups of people and different groups of races giving a range of points of view whilst also giving extra factual evidence. By having this balance it allows the audience to be more engaged with it as it allows them to make their own decisions and opinions after seeing both sides to the story and argument as opposed to having the documentary stating and displaying one side of the argument for example if the documentary was heavily against The KKK and only showed the information in the light of the black panthers. This form of documentaries are far more informative and engaging to the audience whilst also being more appealing and interesting to the audiences interests

Impartiality 

Impartiality is whereby both the documentary and the presenter is not on either side of the story there is not bias from the documentary and the presenter to one side there is an equal showing of both sides of the story as well as equal showing of information from both sides giving the audience the highest amount of facts allowing them to be better engaged as it allows them to create their own views and opinions. The documentary "KKK the fight for white supremacy" shows a good involvement of impartiality when displaying the information with the subject, the information which is gained is gained from many different view points with the use of both races "The KKK the white race" as well as from the view point of "Black Panthers the black race." this impartiality is seen at 30:33 where the view point shifts from the view of the white supremacists to the view point of the "Black panthers" the victims of these hate crimes the video shows the view point of their activist group in terms of who they are, what they do and how they go about creating an impact and creating change, this level of impartiality allows the viewer to see another side of the situation as opposed to seeing one side and only being exposed to one side leaving them only believing one side to the story, the documentary shows another light and provides another form of interest and factual evidence to the documentary as it broadens the knowledge received by the audience whilst also allowing the audience and viewers to form their own opinions and view points on the subject as opposed to having view points placed upon them by only showing one light to the subject. 

Objectivity and subjectivity 
objectivity and subjectivity are methods used within many different documentaries in the form of the presenter and the subject being talked about, objectivity is the use factual evidence which is researched and not based on the bias of the presenter, whereas subjectivity is the use of information in the form of heavy bias from the presenter and the documentary , the presenter and the documentary shows heavy forms of bias and many forms of agenda to the subject this is the convention known as subjectivity. Within the documentary "is Britain racist" the balance of objectivity to subjectivity is set at a higher rate of subjectivity and the facts from the information in which is being stated about the subject, the use of subjectivity can be seen from 8:51 of the video whereby the documentary forms of factual evidence in regards to the subject being spoken about through the use of hidden cameras in order to provide evidence which is more factual with a higher amount of validity. The use of the hidden camera helps to increase the documentaries level of subjectivity as due to the nature of them being hidden it removes peoples camera behaviour and they tend to actual far more natural and like themselves in their behaviour this is important to the presenter as it provides them the evidence needed to build on their points and to build on the validity of the information being used within the documentary. Although the documentary had a high nature of subjectivity there were still scenes of objectivity from the presenter on the topic of racial abuse during the duration of her time with the "EDL" march seen at 5:41 of the video where she states her opinion "They can say what they like about being open minded but you can feel animosity" this part of the documentary allows the presenter to express her point of view which allows the documentary to show the subject from a number of different sides. 




Evidence screenshot from 8:51 











opinion 
The use of opinion is evident among a large amount of documentaries created, some tend not to have any opinions within them due to the presenter wanting to be as objective as possible however there are a number of documentaries which do contain opinion. This convention is where the presenter has a particular opinion and voices it within the documentation at multiple amounts of scenes and situations in order to give the documentary another voice and another side to allow the audience to gain another perspective in order to provide them with more factual evidence and a higher amount of information to think about to make decisions and opinions from. This convention is seen within the "is Britain racist" whereby the presenter shares opinion on the "EDL" for the duration of the video from the start she had maintained a balance of opinion and fact more heavily on fact however at from 5:44 of the video until 6:03 of the video she clearly voices her opinion after having been racially attacked at the "EDL" march "Some of the people at the EDL event were extremely racist but they don't see themselves that way so they wouldn't show up on any survey about prejudice" from this statement we can clearly see the presenter voicing her opinion to the situation and to the subject being spoken about, this convention is important to both the audience and the documentary, this convention allows the documentary to show another form of evidence on the subject of whether or not Britain is racist it is important that the documentary picks up evidence from all sources in order to provide more factual evidence for the audience  to use to make judgement from. 
Bias 
Bias is a convention used among any different documentaries within their story and their presenters, bias is when their is a clear divide to one side of the story and to one side of an opinion, this convention is usually used within documentaries where the presenter feels passionate about a particular subject and aims to broaden the attention to it. This convention is used within the documentary "Reggie Yates Race Riots" whereby the attention and bias is to one particular in this case it is heavily biased on the abuse on the black community within America and the rest of the world the presenter feels strongly about the need for change within the racial tension and abuse. This is clearly at seen during the introduction to the documentary where the use of footage of the police brutality highlights the documentaries and the presenters bias at 0:08 of the video until 0:32 of the video. As well as this the documentary at 12;40 until 12:38 of the video also highlights the bias and agenda of the presenter when he notices a black protester during the march supporting the shooting, during this scene we can clearly see the presenter voicing his opinion in anger and confusion to the story showing another form of bias to the story. Bias is important to this documentary for the presenter as it aims to set a statement to the audience it aims to open their eyes to the harsh reality of the world on this delicate subject and in order for the presenter to do so he needs to show the basic one side of this story and nothing else, this allows the presenter to build a bunch of evidence and helps to strengthen the validity of the documentary for the audience. 

representation 
This convention is how a specific group of individuals or people are shown to be in a specific light in a specific way, documentaries use this convention within their editing and camera language which can be used in a way to give a specific convention to the audience to different people, this convention helps the presenter to better show the situation and the people in the light they want to show them to be in. Within the documentary "We want our country back" their is a representation of the people within the documentary, although the documentary is about racial tension within the UK it shows the group of protesters to be normal people and highlights them in a normal light as opposed to only showing all of the negative sides to the story to convey one dark misguided side to the audience which is not accurate in terms of facts and truth, This is seen at 4:02 of the documentary when the presenter highlights the fact that the organisation is trying to set themselves apart from other more negatively shown groups such as the "EDL" they are determined to show that they are not racist with their rallies through their code of conduct of no racial abuse being shouted just peaceful protesting taking place. This is different from many conventional documentaries similar to this one who only offer one side of the story and only show the group of people in one light, this representation allows the presenter to get the audience to give their own opinion and to think for themselves as opposed to being told what to think, it also helps the documentaries aim of being factual and informative. 

access and privacy 
Access and privacy is an important and necessary piece of material needed for the documentary as well as the presenter, it is important for the presenter and documentary to gain access and privacy, These are two different separate conventions the access gives the presenter the right to film and show something to the audience in which they need to see, it is the right of the audience to know what is happening as well as the right of the presenter to portray and show this bad thing happening it is totally within their power to do so. On the other hand privacy is where the presenter and the documentary needs to maintain and protect the privacy of the subjects being interviewed in order to not be breaching the privacy issue and law within their documentary. The use of access is seen within the documentary "is Britain racist" whereby the presenter is filming and showing the march and racist behaviour of the "EDL" this is seen from 2:32 of the video where she follows the march and films the action and racism of the "EDL" taking place, although people within the video protest to remove the cameras it is completely within the right of the presenter to show this issue as it is within the right of the audience to know what is going on, this convention is the total opposite to the use of privacy where the documentary and the presenter must protect the privacy of the person and or persons being interviewed, the information taken within the privacy is not the same to that of access as it is not in the importance of the audience to know where as the use of access is.  

Contract with viewer 
The contract with the viewer is important for both the presenter and the documentary. the contract with the viewer ensures that the presenter is able to film and keep the footage in which they film, the documentary does this by collecting wavers and forms from the interviewee in terms of the documentary allowing them to film them on their property as well as to allow them to film their faces, the option to withdraw from having them filmed is allowed however the official waver form has to be signed by the interviewee in order to allow the filming to take place without the waver it is breaching the contract. This is also important for the viewer as if there is no official waver consenting them to film then the footage which they have obtained cannot be legally filmed and aired to the national public the contract with the viewer rule also ensures that all of the information within the video is 100% factual without lying to the audience by adapting the information in which they have given to the audience. An example of a documentary which breached the rule of the contract with the viewer is "Super size me" the documentary about fast food in this terms Mc Donald's the documentary was made in order to highlight how unhealthy fast food is and what it can do to you if consumed on a daily basis, the documentary consumed of the presenter consuming fast food on a daily basis on a scale of 5000 calories per day over the course of the month showing and recording the time lapse, although the presenter claimed to be consuming this amount of food it was actually later found out to be incorrect and false information, the presenter had been adapting the clips to the side of the story in which he wanted to convey to the audience. Due to this adapting of the information the amount of accuracy within the documentary was low as the information about fast food was not represented in the correct light, this not only reduced the amount of factual evidence within the documentary for the viewer but also breached the conditions of the contract with the viewer law making the documentary illegal to distribute and to air to the audience. 

Conventions of a news report bad and good

GOOD NEWS REPORT 
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=YfbIkv0W9oA













BAD NEWS REPORT 
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ckwy2l-4EMs

Within this report I will be discussing and displaying examples of the conventions which you would find within a conventional news report as well as the conventions which you would not typically see within a news report. This is split into 4 categories including studio news readers or anchors, mode of address to viewer, interviewing experts and witnesses and the report structure.  

Studio news readers or anchors 

Costume: The costume of the news reporter includes what they are wearing and how the use of their clothing impacts the audience and how they perceive the reporter due to their clothing which they are wearing,  within the news report displaying the good conventions we the first video displayed above the clothing seen is that of a formal range of clothing as seen in the opening of the news report at 0:05 the reporter in this case Darren is seen to be wearing very formal clothing in terms of a shirt and a coat which use neutral colors which are not too bright for the audience whilst also giving the audience a perception of the reporter being intellectual, smart and that of an expert which helps the story gain extra validity for the audience. Whereas within the bad news report as displayed above in the second video the use of costume is less formal as seen in the video at 0:03 of the video we can see the presenters shirt is tucked and wrinkled and the collars on the coat are flicked up, this gives the perception of a less formal and professional presenter making the news report feel more laid back and less informative. The use of costume impacts the audience as they perceive the presenter to be less informed on the information and less of an expert within the subject which they are talking about within the news report, this reduces the overall validity in the news for the audience. 

Framing: The framing of a news report is important to the story and important in gaining the audiences attention in order to get them on their side in terms of belief of the story being stated, the framing of the camera helps the presenter to better be able to connect with the audience in terms of the way they are sitting and the way the camera is focused on them. Within the news report displaying the typical conventions the framing is set straight on the presenter directly down the middle and is set so the audience is able to see the presenters facial and body language to the story, as seen at 0:17 of the video during the presenter talking the camera is set directly down the middle and at eye level by having it at eye level it gives the audience the perception of the presenter talking and engaging with them one on one so they feel more engaged with the story and the presenter. This engagement with the audience also helps to increase their belief in the story than that if they were told information with the camera off centered and not focusing on the presenter directly. Within the second news report displaying the bad conventions we can clearly see the framing is more centered to the right hand centre of the screen as opposed to directly on the presenter, this off center camera does not engage the audience and gives a less professional feel to the news report, the camera is not directly on the face of the presenter not allowing for it to pick up on the facial reactions of the presenter which gives the perception of less engagement with both the audience and to the story. This impacts the audience as they are less inclined to believe the information which they are given within the news report. 

Body language:The body language within the news report helps to strengthen the validity of the story and the information which is given throughout the news report, the body language helps to give the presenter credibility making them seem more intelligent and more of an expert on the situation as opposed to having the news told by a presenter who is less formal in their body language in terms their posture and overall body language. Within the first news report stating the good conventions we can clearly see the overall body language of the presenter is that of a formal and professional presenter, in terms of an upright posture and the use of his hand placement. This is seen at 0:22 of the video where we can see the presenter sat in an upright position without slouching whilst having his hands kept in his lap together as opposed to having a laid back presenter who is slouched as seen in the second news report displaying the bad conventions. The use of body language gives the presenter a perception of being both an expert and highly knowledgeable on the information which is given out, the body language overall helps to add another form of validity of the story to the audience due to their perception of the presenter. As seen in the second video displaying the bad conventions we can see the body language of the audience is far more laid back in terms of how the presenter is sitting in this case more laid back in a slouched position as opposed to being upright and formal, in terms of his hand positioning it is seen to be more open and less formal and laid back. This is seen at 0:07 of the video the presenters body is slouched to the left hand position as opposed to being centered and upright as seen in the first video giving both the news report and the presenter a less professional feel, the audience perceive the presenter to be less informed on the story which reduces the audiences belief and perception of the story. 

Mode of address to viewer
Tone of voice: The tone of voice from the presenter is important to the mode of address for the audience and viewer in order to give off a certain feel and perception to a story to the audience and viewer watching, the tone of voice helps to set the tone and mood of the story for the audience and can change and impact the audiences perception.  The tone set within the first video is that of a serious, formal and to the point tone according to the story being told due to the nature of the story being told the tone of voice needs to match the tone in order for the presenter and the news to give off a certain feeling and perception of the story to the audience. This is seen at 0:05 of the opening of the news report, the introduction to the presenter and to the news story is that of a serious and formal tone of voice accommodating the stories feels and perception. The tone of voice also gives the presenter further credibility in terms of being an expert and highly knowledgeable on the story, the tone of voice of the presenter helps to strengthen the validity and credibility of the story for the audience and the viewer than that of a tone of which is more laid back and less formal as seen within the second example of a news report displaying bad conventions which you wouldn't usually see within a typical news report. This is seen at 0:08 of the second video displaying the bad conventions where the presenter's tone of voice is more laid back and less formal the tone of voice less professional and is perceived to be a tone of voice used when talking among friends as opposed to a within a professional environment. The tone of voice of the presenter within news report encourages the audience to perceive them as less knowledgeable and less informative than that if they had used a formal tone of voice as seen within the first video, due to the audience having this judgment they are less likely to believe the information which they are displayed as they perceive it to be coming from a less than reliable source due to the tone of voice used. 

Accent: The accent used within a typical news report is important and is a crucial factor in helping to strengthen the level of validity, credibility and perception of both the news as well as the news presenter presenting the story in hand. The accent used within the first news report in which we had created was that of a formal, posh and assertive accent with a more upper class feel in terms of the language and the accent, an example of this is clearly seen during the opening of the news report where the presenter is displaying the range of stories and headlines to be coming up within the news at 0:07 of the video. The accent within the duration of the opening is clearly set and seen to be more of a higher class posh accent, the audiences reaction and perception of the news shows that there is a higher amount of belief in a story if told within a posh and upper class accent, this is because the accent makes the presenter seem more educated and informed on the story so displaying a posh accent within a news report is far more beneficial and appropriate for a news reporter and the news team. Within the second video the use of the accent is seen to be far less formal than that of the first video, within the second news report and its use of accent is seen to be more slang accent with less use of vocabulary and less enunciation of words within the report, this is evident at 0:12 of the video where the presenter (Darren) is stating the news to come, The impacts the audiences perception of both the presenter and the news itself in terms of the news report which is being stated, the news and the presenter of the news loses a sense of credibility and validity to the story as people are less inclined to believe a set of information being told in a informal accent as opposed to a formal accent. 

Language: The language within news report allow for the news to better explain the situation as well as the situation of the problem in terms of the feeling and atmosphere of the story at a particular time, the language used within news report help to display and convey certain emotions and feelings to the audience to engage them further.  The language we used within the first news report displaying the typical conventions within a news report was that of a formal more upper class language in terms of the language and vocabulary used within the video as opposed to using abbreviations and slang language to depict the news story as seen within the second news report which we had created. The use of language as seen within the first video allows the story and news report to be explained better allowing the audience to be able to understand and interpret it better and far easier whilst also allowing both the news reporter and the news to add a sense of credibility, the audience and viewer intake and believe the information given far more when it is given by a individual who speaks in a posh upper class accent whilst also using a diverse upper class language in terms of the vocabulary and the language complexity. The language used within the second news report is seen to be more of a laid back informal language with a lower amount of complex language, the language used within this news report is seen to have more of a slang style to it with the use of improper English more commonly associated with people who are talking among their friends as opposed to within a professional environment. This is seen at the start of the video where the presenter (Darren) introduces himself with "Hi sup" as opposed to a more formal language for example "My names Darren you join us at 6pm for the news in the latest today" using this form of language as opposed to using the language displayed within the first video creates a perception from the audience of them believing the presenter is not educated and not knowledgeable on the information in which they are discussing and thus they choose to have their own opinion and opt to not believe the presenter due to the tone of their voice which is far less informative than that of the language used within the first video. 

Eye Contact
The eye contact used within the first news report in which we had created was direct to the camera at all times with the camera centered on the face of the presenter, this gives the effect of the presenter talking directly to the audience face to face allowing for the audience to be more engaged with the news and the story allowing for them to gain their own opinions allowing for the news report to gain more validity with the news due to the engagement with the audience. The eye contact with the audience is seen at 0:01 to 0:27 of the video whereby the presenter (in this case Darren) is stating all that is going to occur within the news in terms of the different reports and stories which will be displayed, throughout the duration of this opening scene the eye contact with the camera and with the audience is kept throughout ensuring maximum amount of engagement with the audience in order to maintain their attention to keep their belief with the story. The eye contact used within the second news report in which we had created is less on the camera and is more on his phone which is in his hand, this form of eye contact used does not engage the audience as much as the eye contact used within the first news report as they feel as if the presenter is not focused on them which would also have them questioning the authenticity of the information they are being given, the audience prefer it when the presenter is talking to them as it gives the appeal of a more factual form of information as opposed to a distracted presenter. 

Interviewing experts and witnesses
Camera techniques 
Within our news report we had gained interviews from witnesses from the story in which we had created and displayed within the news report, in this case we had chosen a witness from a robbery the victim of the robbery which had taken place within our news report story. Within the first news report in which we had created the camera technique during the interviewing of the witness was of a mid shot of both of the individuals taking part of the scene, this camera shot was used in order to gain both peoples body language and facial reactions to the story taking place to allow the audience to better understand and interpret the atmosphere of the scene. An example of the camera technique used within the news report is seen at 0:32 during the interview with the witness whereby she was explaining what had happened with the robbery, throughout the duration of this interview scene the camera technique was kept steady at a mid shot in order to gauge both individuals facial reaction and body language for the audience in order to engage them further as well as to better explain the situation taking place. The camera technique used within the second news report is that of a unsteady shot which is constantly being moved around which is more off centered to the left hand side which only shows the individuals interviewed from close up which does not allow the audience to interpret their body language,this is seen at 0:39 the camera cuts out the presenters body on the left hand side and does not allow the audience to gauge the body language of the presenter and the interviewee, this form of camera language is far less engaging with the audience as opposed to the camera language used within the first news report which we had created. 

Status of intervietwee:
The status of the interviewee allows the news to add another form of evidence and actuality to the news report than that if they were to just display the information verbally with no back up video evidence, the status of the interviewee within the first news report in which we had created is the witness in this case the victim of the robbery who is seen to be very posh and intellectual in terms of the way she speaks and the way she presents herself in terms of her posture this is seen at 0:32 of the video, the interviewee which we had chosen is good for the story as it helps to add validity to the story and to how the situation feels and what atmosphere it evident within the situation. This interviewee helps the audience to gain another perspective to the story and engages them further whilst also giving another form of evidence to the story and information which had been given in the news, by having this extra evidence it helps to form a higher amount of fact to the news which increases the amount of belief which the audience has towards the news. Within the second news report in which we had created the interviewee is kept the same with the witness however the personality has changed the interviewee language is more slang and informal and the information which is being offered is very limited, the interviewee within the second news report is less credible as the information which is being offered is less informative as well as this the personality and background of the interviewee as opposed to the first one makes the audience question her legitimacy as they tend to believe information stated from someone of an upper class background with a more formal approach to the fact. 

Graphics 
The graphics used within the interviewing stage of the first news report contained the use of name badges for the presenter as well as the interviewee as well as with the location in order to give the audience information on the location of the situation as well as the name of the victim. This is seen within the first news report video at 0:30 where by a name badge graphic pops up under both the presenter in this case me as well as the victim in this case Monique who is stating what had taken place within the situation. The use of graphics allows the audience to see the information in terms of location and names, by having location names and seeing them on the location it helps to add further validity to the story than that if they were to talk about the situation without providing physical video evidence of the eye witness and the situation.Within the second news report during the duration of the interview with the interview there was no use of graphics for either the location or the name for the presenter or the interviewee, this lack of graphics reduces the amount of information provided by the news which reduces the level of evidence and validity which is perceived by the audience. Graphics are essential and are important in order to provide the audience with the most amount of factual information with the most amount  of back up evidence to back it up. 

Questioning Technique 
The questioning technique used within the first news report during the interview with the interviewee eye witness is that of a basic questioning technique aimed at gaining the most amount of information as possible from the situation which had taken place, This is seen within the first news report at 0:31 when the presenter (Ravinder) is seen asking questions as to what happened and whether or not other people were involved and how it had happened by asking these questions the presenter is able to gain a rough representation of it for the audience in order to be able to explain the situation both better and easier for the audience this makes the story easier to interpret than it would be if it was just told verbally. In the second news report video which we had made the questioning technique used was less in depth with less information with the only question being asked so what happened there was no set of follow up questions this is seen at 0:38 of the video where the question of what had occurred had been asked the question did not allow the interviewee to go into depth and so only provided a small amount of information for the audience lacking the amount of evidence which the first video provided which reduces validity for the audience. 

Report structure 
The report structure refers to the order of the start of the show in terms of the graphics, the music and the images used at the start of a conventional news report, within the introduction of the first video includes and shows a clear conventional start to the news report in the form of having a theme tune to the show then into the presenter stating what news stories will be involved throughout the show. The introduction creates a regular occurrence everyday making it more memorable allowing for the audience to engage with it easier and better. This is seen at the start of the video at 0:01 with the use of the theme tune to the news which is used as well as a range of graphics, the graphics and the theme tune creates a repetitive theme to the show to make it more recognisable whilst also adding a form of professionalism as it looks far more smoother and informative as opposed to having no graphics and images with the camera just cutting directly into the presenter as seen within the second video this is seen at 0:03 whereby the camera just cuts into the presenter, without the use of the theme tune both the audience and the presenter are unable to tell whether or not it has started or not as seen within the video whereby the presenter (Darren) was caught of guard at the last minute cause there was a lack of order and routine within the start of the news report. Within the start our video's lacked the use links to on location reports through the use of archive footage, if we was to do this again we would add the use of on location reports in order to give the start of the show a more conventional feel while also helping to add more order and routine to the beginning for the audience as well as the presenter. 

News report conventions

Field reporters 

Costume:

Costume: Within this report the use of costume is highlighted as one of the most important conventions of the video, due to the nature of the video being set in a serious tone and serious point of view the clothing worn by the news field reporter is smart in terms of suits and ties very formal, smart and to the point. This is evident at 5:02 of the video whereby the field reporter is seen in the heart of the action in Clapham explaining the story, the scenes and the location. The convention of the news field reporter being dressed in a formal and smart fashion helps to add validity and authenticity to both the news report and the story as the public tend to believe factual evidence more if it is being displayed by a person who is perceived as smart and intelligent this makes the audience believe that the facts given are entirely true and checked before hand and acts as a way to strengthen validity and accuracy. This helps to build on the new's aim of getting the audiences trust and views.

Level of involvement: 

The level of involvement seen within this news report in regards to the field reporter is high, the level of involvement is more heavily focused on seeing the field reporter as opposed to hearing his speech over a range of archive footage. There are some areas in which archive footage is shown however the level of the field reporter being seen is far greater and becomes more evident as the video progresses, this is seen at 4:59 when the camera zooms out of the location to the field reporter stood outside the scene talking about the situation, the level of damage and the outcome of the situation in terms of the effects it has had. The field reporter is seen throughout this area of the story up until 5:11 of the video where it then changes to a vox pop and interview of another person for a different situation of the story. This convention of having live footage heavily dominated with the field reporter helps the audience to believe it more as it is a method of producing evidence, the audience can see the location and the current situation allowing for them to be able to follow the story in a better and more engaging way whilst also allowing the news to add a higher amount of validity and authenticity to be added to the news report. 

Choice of presenter (gender, ethnicity and background)

the choice of presenter within this news report is a while male of a higher upper class back ground, the presenter is seen to be upper class and of a posh decent this is seen at 4:59 of the video where the presenter is introduced, the choice of presenter allows the news report seem more plausible and legitimate, for this particular story having this type of presenter allows for the audience to believe it more, this is due to the fact that the presenter fits the role of an expert within this type of news report the use of a upper class well spoken male gives the story a sense of legitimacy as the tone of voice and presenter is of a serious tone. 

Graphics
Within this news report there was an array of different forms of graphics used throughout from the beginning of the opening to the BBC news, one example of this convention being used is seen at 1:58 of the video where the presenter is introducing the main story within the news that week, underneath the presenter is a graphic overlay which displays the time and the breaking news in a brief description to give the audience an insight into what story is the main story and what will be covered by the presenters. This convention being used at the start helps to grab the attention of the audience straight away being that it is in big bright letters stating breaking news, this helps to grab and maintain the attention of the audience throughout the video. Another section where they had used is seen at 2:58 whereby they had chosen to use the graphics to gain a map on the screen of where the action had taken place in order to explain it better and easier to the audience whilst adding more factual evidence for the audience in order to get the audience to believe the stories, by making the audience believe that it is all confirmed facts it sustains their attention and maintains their viewing throughout the report. 

Links to studio (Live or pre recorded) 
In terms of the filming being live or pre recorded the filming in this news report is live from the link to the studio where the field reporter is seen live at the scene of the aftermath location the day after the incident, the live filming is live from the situation of the aftermath and clean up process for the current situation allowing for the both the news report and the audience to gain another element of factual information and legitimacy from the story. An example of this live footage is clearly displayed at 11:11 of the video where the live reporter is seen standing in front of the scene live from croydon as stated on the top left hand side of the page and banner area. The live footage impacts the audience by allowing them to see the scenes and action being explained for themselves which brings them another source of information to allow them to greater understand and believe the information which they are given this maintains their attention and makes the news report more factual and interesting for the audience allowing for the news to achieve their aim of getting the audience to believe the report in which they are displaying. 

location
The location filmed within this news report is of the location of the main story in this case within clapham where the riot had been happening, the location builds evidence for the information displayed by the presenters and the news show for the audience as opposed to having information about the situation happening without any video and location evidence. This convention is seen at 4:59 of the video where the field reporter is seen stating the location where he is filming showing all of the scenes of aftermath from the riots. As stated above the location of the filming allows for the audience to gain another element of factual evidence within the news report, the use of the location live footage allows the audience to gain their own outlook on situation allowing for them to better understand and believe the information which they are given due to the increase in validity and reliability from the video and location source implemented by the news report. 

Camera Language 
The camera language of the links to the studio is of a basic camera angle with the use of one camera to shown the situation and location in terms of the aftermath and current situation, the one camera is used to zoom into any scenes which the presenter is talking about for example in this case at 4:47 of the video the camera quickly shows the scenes of the aftermath before zooming out into the presenter on the scene of the location, the use of the camera Lagrange allows the audience to see current location and situation as well as the reaction of the presenter in order to gauge the feel of the story allowing for them to be able to connect more to the story whilst also being more immersed with the situation at this particular time this news report effects a large majority of people within London and so the camera language helps to get their attention and their interest whilst also being able to strengthen the legitimacy of the facts and information which they are giving to the audience. 

Mode of Address(Tone of voice)

Within this news report the tone of voice throughout is one of a formal, and factual tone with a tone of seriousness due to the story in hand being of a serious and urgent style for the audience to perceive. The tone of voice is an important convention and factor to the news report for the audience as well as for the news show, the tone of voice used by the presenter makes the audience perceive them as intelligent and knowledgeable in terms of the topic they are talking about knowing this the audience tend to believe that the presenters and anchors have found the facts and statistics from a reliable source as opposed to using opinionated facts this makes them believe the story further as well as believe the news show altogether.

Accent 
Throughout this news report the style of accent is continued and remains at one style, the style of accent is one of a upper class posh and formal language, the way in which the presenter talks is of a serious and posh tone making sure that the words are clear spoken and enunciated properly to the audience watching. The accent used by the presenter is important to both the news show as well as the story being told throughout. The use of this class of accent impacts how the audience perceive  the story and how they perceive the information in which they are given. The audience watching believes the presenter and perceives the information to be true from the way it is given to the them in terms of the language used, the story is both important and relevant to the audience and so the use of this accent adds legitimacy to both the story as well as to the presenter, the level of legitimacy with the story would drop if the information was given by a person speaking in an informal fashion using slang and less professional vocabulary.

Language complexity
The language which is used within this news report is one of a posh, articulate high standard of speech used when explaining the stream of stories to the audience, the report uses a high amount of large vocabulary mostly used by that of the upper-class posh members of the public. The language used within the report helps to positively impact the strength of the news report as well as how the audience react to the story in terms of them believing the information which they are given, in this case the language used within the news report is used in order to make the presenter seem intelligent whilst also making the report sound more serious by using the larger language commonly used by the posher class of the public. This impacts the audience as they feel as if they presenter and the news show as a whole are being factual and correct as they feel as if they fit the role of an honest reliable source of information from the language which they used throughout the report this helps the news anchors to add authenticity to the story and the information helping them to get the audience to believe the stories and information displayed. 

Fact provider vs Analysing expert?
The news report uses a lot of factual evidence when displaying their story about the riot, their is a range of sources of evidence from videos of the action as well as interviews with people who are relevant to the story for example in this case they have interviewed a range of shop owners to get their story on what damage had been done as well as local MP's to explain what had happened as well as the consequences of what had happened to the local area of the situation. An example of this evidence is seen at 4:11 of the video where video evidence is seen of the riots and the situation and action taking place, this evidence adds validity to the story and helps to strengthen what the news report is aiming to convey within their news report. Another example of factual video evidence of the riot is seen at 5:50 whereby the owners of local stores within the area of situation explain what happened and produce video evidence of the damage which had taken place the ability for the news report to product this factual video evidence allows the news report to gain more reliability for the audience allowing the news report to be strengthened in terms of being perceived as factual.

Interviewing experts and witnesses (Camera Techniques) 
During the filming of the experts and witnesses within this report the camera techniques were kept at a mid-shot to close up level so that their facial reactions can be caught and gauged as well as their body language in terms of the reaction to the situation. The use of the camera angle being  a mid-shot close up angle also allows for a large amount of the background to be in the shot as well showing the audience the situation in which the expert and or witness is talking about. An example of this would be at 5:19 of the video where the news reporter is interviewing a local mp about the riot the camera angle is of a mid-shot to close up range allowing for the camera to mainly focus on the body and facial reactions of the person being interviewed, the camera angle allows the audience to gauge the overall feel of the situation whilst also being able to see some of the action and aftermath behind them which is being explained about. The use of being able to see the aftermath behind the interviewee allows the audience to better understand the story whilst also adding reliability to the news report and its sources. 

Location
The location in which the experts and witnesses are filmed are in the location of the area in which the riots had taken place in this case clapham, the location of where the witnesses are filmed is important to the news report as it helps to add more evidence and legitimacy to the story and news report. An example of this would be during the filming of the local shop owners within the area of the riot seen at 5:49 of the video, as we can see the witness is filmed on the scene of the aftermath in front of her store explaining to the camera what had happened whilst also explaining the aftermath and effects of what this situation had done to the location. Another area in which this is seen is at 5:21 when the local mp is being interviewed on the local area and the impact that it has had, the location where this is filmed is in front of the aftermath of the riots, the location shows a range of shops with a large amount of damage and debris for the audience to see and gauge through their own way this adds another form of evidence and strengthens the validity to the news anchor and the report. This convention used by the news report is one of the most important style of convention as the filming of the location helps the audience gauge the overall feel of the effects and aftermath allowing for them to understand and take it in far easier, whilst also being able to gain another form of evidence to the story and news report adding more legitimacy to the information and facts being distributed by the news report. 

Status of interviewee 
Within this news report the interviewees in terms of the situation  are all considered experts and relevant to the story and situation taking place, the status of the  interviewee within the story is important to the overall news report as it helps to add authenticity and relevance to the report and story. An example of this would be at 5:49 of the video whereby the interviewee is a local shop owner who is a victim of the aftermath, the status of this interviewee is relevant to the story and allows the news report to add more sides to the story allowing for more level of factual evidence than that if it was only filming one select person. Another area which this is seen is at 5:21 of the video where a local mp is filmed to get her point of view and her side to the story, by having the local mp it allows the audience to be informed as to why the riot had taken place and what the overall outcome and situation has been overall, this allows the audience to be drawn into the story and also allows them to gain a higher amount of evidence overall thus allowing them to be able to better understand the story. This also helps them to believe the news report more so than if it was only reported through verbal communication with a lack of evidence. 

Graphics (Voice over) 
Within this news report during the filming of the witnesses and expert the use of voice overs is used between each interview with the many candidates in order to explain what the conversation will be about as well as to explain what action is taking place within the interview. One example of this being used is displayed at 5:40 of the news report where the use of the voice over is used to explain the situation as well as to explain what is gonna be explained by the interviewee in the transition from one interviewee to the next the camera then continues and goes to the next interviewee. This convention of using a specific voice over for each scene is used in order for the news reporter to be able to better explain and interpret the story to the audience in terms of the current story and situation, this convention impacts the audience as a viewer as it helps them to be able to better understand and interpret the information in which they are given allowing for the news to gain more evidence and facts for the audience allowing for the audience to better believe the news with the information which they are given

Expert knowledgeable or part of the story
During this section of the news report it is clear to see a large range of experts and knowledgeable individuals being interviewed in terms of the subject in this instance experts in terms of the riots for example local mp's, the police force and current prime minister. All of these sources are evident in this report and are used to give informaiton in regards to what happened, where it happened and why it has happened. An example of this is clearly evident at 6:11 of the video where the camera man and presenter are seen getting an interview with both the prime minister and the police force in regards to what the issue has caused, how it shall be tackled and prevented as well as what methods of actions they aim to take place, Another place where this news report uses an expert is seen at 5:20 of the video whereby they have obtained an interview with a local mp of the area to explain the situation and why it has happened in terms of the laws which have been put in place for the young generation as well as the mp explains how they aim to prevent this and how they aim to combat this. This fact that there are many different interviews with many experts helps to add validity and legitimacy to the story and to the presenter, this impacts the audience as it makes it easier for them to understand and impacts them to believe the facts more-so than that if there was no experts used. 

Witness 

For this convention I have chosen a separate video as the previous video did not contain any witness reports from the live scenes, the new video is placed above and is a news report from the London riots within a different area of London (Lewisham) with a number of face to faced interviews with eye witnesses as well as over the phone. An example of this is evident from the start of the report at 0:03 the video whereby a person over the phone who lives within the area is interviewed from the comfort of his own home whilst the rioting is occurring  this acts as a form of an eye witness account and further evidence The eye witness accounts are an important convention within these styles of news report as they not only help to better explain the story as well as explain it easier but it also helps the news as well as the news reporter to provide another sample of factual evidence acting as a method of extra validity to the story being displayed to the audience. Although the first example of news report which i had used didn't display any forms of eye witness accounts it did display a range of interviews from the shop keepers who fell victim to the riots who give their account of the situation, this is displayed clearly at 5:48 whereby the camera man interviews a range of shop owners to give their account of the situation and current state of the location these interviews help to add validity and legitimacy to the stories in order to get the audience to trust and believe the information received. 

Report structure (Sign in and context) 
within this news report there is a very clear and conventional use of a report structure in terms of the way the news is introduced and carried out for the audience the sign in structure for this report is a simple and effective sign in with the use of the theme tune to the news which is widely recognized by the audience to which lets the audience known it is on. The camera then allows the presenters to be seen and introduced through a quick introduction to who they are as well as the following time of the report and what has been happening within the community whilst showing the main stories which are to be covered. This is evident at 0:14 of the video whereby the presenters are seen and introduced whilst alson bringing in the top and most important reports. This is used in order to introduced the context and the premise of the programme and introduces the audience to what the news will be covering within that particular report allowing the news to gain their attention as quickly as possible. 

Archive footage 
The use of archive footage within news reports are a vital and important component to the story and to the news reporters Archive footage is used within the opening scene of this news report as part of a regular conventional report structure of the news report used through every new report in the same method. The archive footage is used during the opening scenes and introduction during the explanation process of the main stories which will be covered by the news and the reporters throughout. This convention example is seen being used at 0:18 during the explanation and opening scene of the main story in this case the riots as the video shows there are a range of different shots and clips of the riots and the action  taking placing to allow the  news report to be more easily understood and explained. This convention impacts the audience as it grabs their attention whilst giving them an insight into what that particular report will be about through the use of visual evidence which goes to providing the audience with a range of evidence and facts from the beginning of the news report.

Interviews and vox pops
Within this news reports report structure and opening scene their is a clear use of a conventional convention of using a range quick clips of interviews and vox pops from the audience with shots of them giving their point of views and opinion to the current situation in hand. This convention is clearly evident at 1:19 of the opening scenes of the news report, the opening scene clearly shows  a range of people being asked questions, giving their opinion and solutions to the problem. These small clips of the vox pop also display the location and the situation in the back allowing for the audience to gain an insight into the situation which is occurring and allows them to come to their own conclusion whilst also gaining their own opinion from the start of the report, this grabs the attention of the audience and keeps them watching to see further into the story. The vox pops also the audience to see other peoples points of view of how the situation took place which allows the news report to gain another source of validity and legitimacy to the facts which helps to strengthen the factual nature of the show. 

Fact communication 
The news report has a clear divide to factual over biased information, the information in which they present to the audience is all factual with information be quoted and gained from a reliable source for the audience to take in upon the start of the video. This convention is seen being used from 0:18 of the video until 0:38 of the video whereby the have a range of scenes of the action with a voice over stating the current situation in terms of quotes and facts from sources from the metropolitan police as well as the prime minister. The information which they have displayed within this source is quoted and gained from acceptable sources to maximize validity and accuracy this is seen at 0:23 of the news report when the presenter has quoted that the police force has stated that it is " the third night of rioting and that it is the worst range of scenes in current memories" Another area in which the facts are presented as quotes if from 0:34 of the video where they have stated that the prime minister has stated what he plans to do "Thousands more police will be deployed on the streets" The use of facts from good sources such as these quotes add a more factual premise to the show and clearly show the audience that their is no bias and that the information is totally factual. This ensures the audiences belief about the story and the news reporters thus increasing their trust and interest throughout the report. 

On location and where 
This convention is a very important factor to both the audience as well as the news show and anchor team in ensuring maximum factual evidence and information, Within this report the news report is seen throughout on location of where the action has taken place, in this case within the area of Clapham where the riots had occurred near by, the presenter is seen on location live from the aftermath of the situation to get as much close up visual evidence as possible for the story, the news report and for the audience. This is evident from 4:56 of the video whereby the main story is being displayed from the presenter on scene live from clapham, the presenter is stood just meters away from the scene of the aftermath and damage of the riots the previous nights showing the many areas of destruction from an up close and personal point view for the audience. This convention helps the news report to gain validity as they are able to gain a larger amount of visual evidence for the audience therefore increasing the overall level of validity to the news report, this impacts the audience as it helps them to believe the story further whilst also helping them to understand and establish the situation and points of view of the situation. This convention is a very important factor to both the audience as well as the news show and anchor team in ensuring maximum factual evidence and information

Pieces to the camera 

Within this news report the presenter has many frequent pieces to the camera, this is where the presenter talks to the camera directly as if they are addressing the audience and is used when the presenter is explaining a specific item, report or piece of information to the audience providing as much factual evidence within the small piece to the camera. This convention is clearly displayed at 5:02 of the video whereby the presenter is explaining briefly the situation, the small piece to the camera allow for the news to give details, facts and information to the audience and engages the audience themselves as the presenter is talking directly to the camera and in this case directly to the audience, this piece to the camera allows the audience an insight into the bigger story and allows them to better understand and interpret the information which they are given whilst also being engaged into the story better from the start of the news report. 

Sign out and framing story

The sign out process of the presenter is that of a normal conventional sign out report structure in terms of camera angles, the graphics displayed on the page and the verbal sign out from the presenter who is leading the report on the current situation. The sign out for this news report is seen at 7:04 of the news report whereby the framing of the sign out is aimed on the situation in this case the rubble and remains from the riots along with the presenters name on a voice over with the graphics of the current location from where the presenter was presenting through the use of a on screen graphic to give the audience more facts of the overall situation within that area through the use of a birds eye view of the location and current situation of the location. 

Outside Broadcast

For this convention I have used the second news report video in which i had found eariler which had displayed forms of outside broadcast, this is when the television programme or in this case news report is filmed outside as opposed to within a studio, filming outside allows the presenter to be in an among the action and allows them to obtain footage which is far closer and more personal providing a more in depth and factual form of evidence to both the audience and the story. As the footage shows the presenter is shown to be filming outside within the riot as it happens live they are among the crowd and violence allowing for a higher amount of factual and video evidence for the audience. This convention impacts the audience as they are able to see the riot and situation from their own perspective which adds validity to the facts which the news report displays and distributes to the audience. The news reports information becomes far more in depth and factual when this convention is introduced to the news report as a whole as opposed to having the information given in the form of verbal communication without the use of video factual evidence. 

Cut away and noddies

Within this news report there are many areas in which the use of noddies is introduced, this convention is where the camera focuses on the persons face whilst being asked a question so that the camera picks up on their facial reactions during the question and during the answering process of the filming. This convention is evident at 16:23 of the video where the presenter is asked to give the overall vibe, atmosphere and morale of the location and the people within this location in this particular location at the particular time, the camera focuses on the face during the asking of the question to gauge his facial reaction to the situation as well as to the question in hand allowing the presenter to explain through the use of his facial expressions and hand gestures throughout the video. This impacts the audience as they are able to gauge his from his reaction what sort of feeling the current location has the facial expression gives a more personal and in depth explanation of the situation through the severity of the looks in which the presenter gives as well as the tone of voice through the answer. This allows the audience to better understand the information and current situation as well as to better interpret the information overall. 

Actuality footage

Through this news report there is a small amount of actuality footage which is shot, the footage is shot by passers by seeing the riots the news report takes these actuality footage and uses them within their report in order for them to be able to provide another form of factual evidence for the story and the audience. The actuality footage within this report is seen at 4:02 of the video whereby the footage of a store is shown to be looted this is filmed via the mobile phone of a member of public who has allowed the news to display their footage for the news report.

Reasons for using

Using this convention brings a number of benefits for both the audience viewing the news report as well as the news reporters themselves, this convention is used to bring another aspect of evidence and fact to the story it self for both the report and for the audience. By having footage which is roughly filmed through the use of a mobile phone from a member of public at the scene it adds legitimacy to the story and brings a larger amount of factual evidence for the audience to view and to see. It helps to overall back up the presenters claims and facts which they have stated allowing for a higher amount of validity. 

Amount used and context 

Due to the nature of the situation being heavily violent and action filled the amount of actuality footage filmed is not of a large quantity the amount of footage filmed is from 4:03 until 4:33 the amount of footage is limited due to the amount of violence and action happening at once and due to the nature of what could happen to the person filming if caught. The video allows the audience to the see action in context to what the presenter was saying the video backs up what the presenter had stated the conditions were like and allows for the audience to gain a point of view or context of the footage and situation. This helps the audience develop a better understanding and interpretation of the story itself as well as the overall report.