News report conventions

Field reporters 

Costume:

Costume: Within this report the use of costume is highlighted as one of the most important conventions of the video, due to the nature of the video being set in a serious tone and serious point of view the clothing worn by the news field reporter is smart in terms of suits and ties very formal, smart and to the point. This is evident at 5:02 of the video whereby the field reporter is seen in the heart of the action in Clapham explaining the story, the scenes and the location. The convention of the news field reporter being dressed in a formal and smart fashion helps to add validity and authenticity to both the news report and the story as the public tend to believe factual evidence more if it is being displayed by a person who is perceived as smart and intelligent this makes the audience believe that the facts given are entirely true and checked before hand and acts as a way to strengthen validity and accuracy. This helps to build on the new's aim of getting the audiences trust and views.

Level of involvement: 

The level of involvement seen within this news report in regards to the field reporter is high, the level of involvement is more heavily focused on seeing the field reporter as opposed to hearing his speech over a range of archive footage. There are some areas in which archive footage is shown however the level of the field reporter being seen is far greater and becomes more evident as the video progresses, this is seen at 4:59 when the camera zooms out of the location to the field reporter stood outside the scene talking about the situation, the level of damage and the outcome of the situation in terms of the effects it has had. The field reporter is seen throughout this area of the story up until 5:11 of the video where it then changes to a vox pop and interview of another person for a different situation of the story. This convention of having live footage heavily dominated with the field reporter helps the audience to believe it more as it is a method of producing evidence, the audience can see the location and the current situation allowing for them to be able to follow the story in a better and more engaging way whilst also allowing the news to add a higher amount of validity and authenticity to be added to the news report. 

Choice of presenter (gender, ethnicity and background)

the choice of presenter within this news report is a while male of a higher upper class back ground, the presenter is seen to be upper class and of a posh decent this is seen at 4:59 of the video where the presenter is introduced, the choice of presenter allows the news report seem more plausible and legitimate, for this particular story having this type of presenter allows for the audience to believe it more, this is due to the fact that the presenter fits the role of an expert within this type of news report the use of a upper class well spoken male gives the story a sense of legitimacy as the tone of voice and presenter is of a serious tone. 

Graphics
Within this news report there was an array of different forms of graphics used throughout from the beginning of the opening to the BBC news, one example of this convention being used is seen at 1:58 of the video where the presenter is introducing the main story within the news that week, underneath the presenter is a graphic overlay which displays the time and the breaking news in a brief description to give the audience an insight into what story is the main story and what will be covered by the presenters. This convention being used at the start helps to grab the attention of the audience straight away being that it is in big bright letters stating breaking news, this helps to grab and maintain the attention of the audience throughout the video. Another section where they had used is seen at 2:58 whereby they had chosen to use the graphics to gain a map on the screen of where the action had taken place in order to explain it better and easier to the audience whilst adding more factual evidence for the audience in order to get the audience to believe the stories, by making the audience believe that it is all confirmed facts it sustains their attention and maintains their viewing throughout the report. 

Links to studio (Live or pre recorded) 
In terms of the filming being live or pre recorded the filming in this news report is live from the link to the studio where the field reporter is seen live at the scene of the aftermath location the day after the incident, the live filming is live from the situation of the aftermath and clean up process for the current situation allowing for the both the news report and the audience to gain another element of factual information and legitimacy from the story. An example of this live footage is clearly displayed at 11:11 of the video where the live reporter is seen standing in front of the scene live from croydon as stated on the top left hand side of the page and banner area. The live footage impacts the audience by allowing them to see the scenes and action being explained for themselves which brings them another source of information to allow them to greater understand and believe the information which they are given this maintains their attention and makes the news report more factual and interesting for the audience allowing for the news to achieve their aim of getting the audience to believe the report in which they are displaying. 

location
The location filmed within this news report is of the location of the main story in this case within clapham where the riot had been happening, the location builds evidence for the information displayed by the presenters and the news show for the audience as opposed to having information about the situation happening without any video and location evidence. This convention is seen at 4:59 of the video where the field reporter is seen stating the location where he is filming showing all of the scenes of aftermath from the riots. As stated above the location of the filming allows for the audience to gain another element of factual evidence within the news report, the use of the location live footage allows the audience to gain their own outlook on situation allowing for them to better understand and believe the information which they are given due to the increase in validity and reliability from the video and location source implemented by the news report. 

Camera Language 
The camera language of the links to the studio is of a basic camera angle with the use of one camera to shown the situation and location in terms of the aftermath and current situation, the one camera is used to zoom into any scenes which the presenter is talking about for example in this case at 4:47 of the video the camera quickly shows the scenes of the aftermath before zooming out into the presenter on the scene of the location, the use of the camera Lagrange allows the audience to see current location and situation as well as the reaction of the presenter in order to gauge the feel of the story allowing for them to be able to connect more to the story whilst also being more immersed with the situation at this particular time this news report effects a large majority of people within London and so the camera language helps to get their attention and their interest whilst also being able to strengthen the legitimacy of the facts and information which they are giving to the audience. 

Mode of Address(Tone of voice)

Within this news report the tone of voice throughout is one of a formal, and factual tone with a tone of seriousness due to the story in hand being of a serious and urgent style for the audience to perceive. The tone of voice is an important convention and factor to the news report for the audience as well as for the news show, the tone of voice used by the presenter makes the audience perceive them as intelligent and knowledgeable in terms of the topic they are talking about knowing this the audience tend to believe that the presenters and anchors have found the facts and statistics from a reliable source as opposed to using opinionated facts this makes them believe the story further as well as believe the news show altogether.

Accent 
Throughout this news report the style of accent is continued and remains at one style, the style of accent is one of a upper class posh and formal language, the way in which the presenter talks is of a serious and posh tone making sure that the words are clear spoken and enunciated properly to the audience watching. The accent used by the presenter is important to both the news show as well as the story being told throughout. The use of this class of accent impacts how the audience perceive  the story and how they perceive the information in which they are given. The audience watching believes the presenter and perceives the information to be true from the way it is given to the them in terms of the language used, the story is both important and relevant to the audience and so the use of this accent adds legitimacy to both the story as well as to the presenter, the level of legitimacy with the story would drop if the information was given by a person speaking in an informal fashion using slang and less professional vocabulary.

Language complexity
The language which is used within this news report is one of a posh, articulate high standard of speech used when explaining the stream of stories to the audience, the report uses a high amount of large vocabulary mostly used by that of the upper-class posh members of the public. The language used within the report helps to positively impact the strength of the news report as well as how the audience react to the story in terms of them believing the information which they are given, in this case the language used within the news report is used in order to make the presenter seem intelligent whilst also making the report sound more serious by using the larger language commonly used by the posher class of the public. This impacts the audience as they feel as if they presenter and the news show as a whole are being factual and correct as they feel as if they fit the role of an honest reliable source of information from the language which they used throughout the report this helps the news anchors to add authenticity to the story and the information helping them to get the audience to believe the stories and information displayed. 

Fact provider vs Analysing expert?
The news report uses a lot of factual evidence when displaying their story about the riot, their is a range of sources of evidence from videos of the action as well as interviews with people who are relevant to the story for example in this case they have interviewed a range of shop owners to get their story on what damage had been done as well as local MP's to explain what had happened as well as the consequences of what had happened to the local area of the situation. An example of this evidence is seen at 4:11 of the video where video evidence is seen of the riots and the situation and action taking place, this evidence adds validity to the story and helps to strengthen what the news report is aiming to convey within their news report. Another example of factual video evidence of the riot is seen at 5:50 whereby the owners of local stores within the area of situation explain what happened and produce video evidence of the damage which had taken place the ability for the news report to product this factual video evidence allows the news report to gain more reliability for the audience allowing the news report to be strengthened in terms of being perceived as factual.

Interviewing experts and witnesses (Camera Techniques) 
During the filming of the experts and witnesses within this report the camera techniques were kept at a mid-shot to close up level so that their facial reactions can be caught and gauged as well as their body language in terms of the reaction to the situation. The use of the camera angle being  a mid-shot close up angle also allows for a large amount of the background to be in the shot as well showing the audience the situation in which the expert and or witness is talking about. An example of this would be at 5:19 of the video where the news reporter is interviewing a local mp about the riot the camera angle is of a mid-shot to close up range allowing for the camera to mainly focus on the body and facial reactions of the person being interviewed, the camera angle allows the audience to gauge the overall feel of the situation whilst also being able to see some of the action and aftermath behind them which is being explained about. The use of being able to see the aftermath behind the interviewee allows the audience to better understand the story whilst also adding reliability to the news report and its sources. 

Location
The location in which the experts and witnesses are filmed are in the location of the area in which the riots had taken place in this case clapham, the location of where the witnesses are filmed is important to the news report as it helps to add more evidence and legitimacy to the story and news report. An example of this would be during the filming of the local shop owners within the area of the riot seen at 5:49 of the video, as we can see the witness is filmed on the scene of the aftermath in front of her store explaining to the camera what had happened whilst also explaining the aftermath and effects of what this situation had done to the location. Another area in which this is seen is at 5:21 when the local mp is being interviewed on the local area and the impact that it has had, the location where this is filmed is in front of the aftermath of the riots, the location shows a range of shops with a large amount of damage and debris for the audience to see and gauge through their own way this adds another form of evidence and strengthens the validity to the news anchor and the report. This convention used by the news report is one of the most important style of convention as the filming of the location helps the audience gauge the overall feel of the effects and aftermath allowing for them to understand and take it in far easier, whilst also being able to gain another form of evidence to the story and news report adding more legitimacy to the information and facts being distributed by the news report. 

Status of interviewee 
Within this news report the interviewees in terms of the situation  are all considered experts and relevant to the story and situation taking place, the status of the  interviewee within the story is important to the overall news report as it helps to add authenticity and relevance to the report and story. An example of this would be at 5:49 of the video whereby the interviewee is a local shop owner who is a victim of the aftermath, the status of this interviewee is relevant to the story and allows the news report to add more sides to the story allowing for more level of factual evidence than that if it was only filming one select person. Another area which this is seen is at 5:21 of the video where a local mp is filmed to get her point of view and her side to the story, by having the local mp it allows the audience to be informed as to why the riot had taken place and what the overall outcome and situation has been overall, this allows the audience to be drawn into the story and also allows them to gain a higher amount of evidence overall thus allowing them to be able to better understand the story. This also helps them to believe the news report more so than if it was only reported through verbal communication with a lack of evidence. 

Graphics (Voice over) 
Within this news report during the filming of the witnesses and expert the use of voice overs is used between each interview with the many candidates in order to explain what the conversation will be about as well as to explain what action is taking place within the interview. One example of this being used is displayed at 5:40 of the news report where the use of the voice over is used to explain the situation as well as to explain what is gonna be explained by the interviewee in the transition from one interviewee to the next the camera then continues and goes to the next interviewee. This convention of using a specific voice over for each scene is used in order for the news reporter to be able to better explain and interpret the story to the audience in terms of the current story and situation, this convention impacts the audience as a viewer as it helps them to be able to better understand and interpret the information in which they are given allowing for the news to gain more evidence and facts for the audience allowing for the audience to better believe the news with the information which they are given

Expert knowledgeable or part of the story
During this section of the news report it is clear to see a large range of experts and knowledgeable individuals being interviewed in terms of the subject in this instance experts in terms of the riots for example local mp's, the police force and current prime minister. All of these sources are evident in this report and are used to give informaiton in regards to what happened, where it happened and why it has happened. An example of this is clearly evident at 6:11 of the video where the camera man and presenter are seen getting an interview with both the prime minister and the police force in regards to what the issue has caused, how it shall be tackled and prevented as well as what methods of actions they aim to take place, Another place where this news report uses an expert is seen at 5:20 of the video whereby they have obtained an interview with a local mp of the area to explain the situation and why it has happened in terms of the laws which have been put in place for the young generation as well as the mp explains how they aim to prevent this and how they aim to combat this. This fact that there are many different interviews with many experts helps to add validity and legitimacy to the story and to the presenter, this impacts the audience as it makes it easier for them to understand and impacts them to believe the facts more-so than that if there was no experts used. 

Witness 

For this convention I have chosen a separate video as the previous video did not contain any witness reports from the live scenes, the new video is placed above and is a news report from the London riots within a different area of London (Lewisham) with a number of face to faced interviews with eye witnesses as well as over the phone. An example of this is evident from the start of the report at 0:03 the video whereby a person over the phone who lives within the area is interviewed from the comfort of his own home whilst the rioting is occurring  this acts as a form of an eye witness account and further evidence The eye witness accounts are an important convention within these styles of news report as they not only help to better explain the story as well as explain it easier but it also helps the news as well as the news reporter to provide another sample of factual evidence acting as a method of extra validity to the story being displayed to the audience. Although the first example of news report which i had used didn't display any forms of eye witness accounts it did display a range of interviews from the shop keepers who fell victim to the riots who give their account of the situation, this is displayed clearly at 5:48 whereby the camera man interviews a range of shop owners to give their account of the situation and current state of the location these interviews help to add validity and legitimacy to the stories in order to get the audience to trust and believe the information received. 

Report structure (Sign in and context) 
within this news report there is a very clear and conventional use of a report structure in terms of the way the news is introduced and carried out for the audience the sign in structure for this report is a simple and effective sign in with the use of the theme tune to the news which is widely recognized by the audience to which lets the audience known it is on. The camera then allows the presenters to be seen and introduced through a quick introduction to who they are as well as the following time of the report and what has been happening within the community whilst showing the main stories which are to be covered. This is evident at 0:14 of the video whereby the presenters are seen and introduced whilst alson bringing in the top and most important reports. This is used in order to introduced the context and the premise of the programme and introduces the audience to what the news will be covering within that particular report allowing the news to gain their attention as quickly as possible. 

Archive footage 
The use of archive footage within news reports are a vital and important component to the story and to the news reporters Archive footage is used within the opening scene of this news report as part of a regular conventional report structure of the news report used through every new report in the same method. The archive footage is used during the opening scenes and introduction during the explanation process of the main stories which will be covered by the news and the reporters throughout. This convention example is seen being used at 0:18 during the explanation and opening scene of the main story in this case the riots as the video shows there are a range of different shots and clips of the riots and the action  taking placing to allow the  news report to be more easily understood and explained. This convention impacts the audience as it grabs their attention whilst giving them an insight into what that particular report will be about through the use of visual evidence which goes to providing the audience with a range of evidence and facts from the beginning of the news report.

Interviews and vox pops
Within this news reports report structure and opening scene their is a clear use of a conventional convention of using a range quick clips of interviews and vox pops from the audience with shots of them giving their point of views and opinion to the current situation in hand. This convention is clearly evident at 1:19 of the opening scenes of the news report, the opening scene clearly shows  a range of people being asked questions, giving their opinion and solutions to the problem. These small clips of the vox pop also display the location and the situation in the back allowing for the audience to gain an insight into the situation which is occurring and allows them to come to their own conclusion whilst also gaining their own opinion from the start of the report, this grabs the attention of the audience and keeps them watching to see further into the story. The vox pops also the audience to see other peoples points of view of how the situation took place which allows the news report to gain another source of validity and legitimacy to the facts which helps to strengthen the factual nature of the show. 

Fact communication 
The news report has a clear divide to factual over biased information, the information in which they present to the audience is all factual with information be quoted and gained from a reliable source for the audience to take in upon the start of the video. This convention is seen being used from 0:18 of the video until 0:38 of the video whereby the have a range of scenes of the action with a voice over stating the current situation in terms of quotes and facts from sources from the metropolitan police as well as the prime minister. The information which they have displayed within this source is quoted and gained from acceptable sources to maximize validity and accuracy this is seen at 0:23 of the news report when the presenter has quoted that the police force has stated that it is " the third night of rioting and that it is the worst range of scenes in current memories" Another area in which the facts are presented as quotes if from 0:34 of the video where they have stated that the prime minister has stated what he plans to do "Thousands more police will be deployed on the streets" The use of facts from good sources such as these quotes add a more factual premise to the show and clearly show the audience that their is no bias and that the information is totally factual. This ensures the audiences belief about the story and the news reporters thus increasing their trust and interest throughout the report. 

On location and where 
This convention is a very important factor to both the audience as well as the news show and anchor team in ensuring maximum factual evidence and information, Within this report the news report is seen throughout on location of where the action has taken place, in this case within the area of Clapham where the riots had occurred near by, the presenter is seen on location live from the aftermath of the situation to get as much close up visual evidence as possible for the story, the news report and for the audience. This is evident from 4:56 of the video whereby the main story is being displayed from the presenter on scene live from clapham, the presenter is stood just meters away from the scene of the aftermath and damage of the riots the previous nights showing the many areas of destruction from an up close and personal point view for the audience. This convention helps the news report to gain validity as they are able to gain a larger amount of visual evidence for the audience therefore increasing the overall level of validity to the news report, this impacts the audience as it helps them to believe the story further whilst also helping them to understand and establish the situation and points of view of the situation. This convention is a very important factor to both the audience as well as the news show and anchor team in ensuring maximum factual evidence and information

Pieces to the camera 

Within this news report the presenter has many frequent pieces to the camera, this is where the presenter talks to the camera directly as if they are addressing the audience and is used when the presenter is explaining a specific item, report or piece of information to the audience providing as much factual evidence within the small piece to the camera. This convention is clearly displayed at 5:02 of the video whereby the presenter is explaining briefly the situation, the small piece to the camera allow for the news to give details, facts and information to the audience and engages the audience themselves as the presenter is talking directly to the camera and in this case directly to the audience, this piece to the camera allows the audience an insight into the bigger story and allows them to better understand and interpret the information which they are given whilst also being engaged into the story better from the start of the news report. 

Sign out and framing story

The sign out process of the presenter is that of a normal conventional sign out report structure in terms of camera angles, the graphics displayed on the page and the verbal sign out from the presenter who is leading the report on the current situation. The sign out for this news report is seen at 7:04 of the news report whereby the framing of the sign out is aimed on the situation in this case the rubble and remains from the riots along with the presenters name on a voice over with the graphics of the current location from where the presenter was presenting through the use of a on screen graphic to give the audience more facts of the overall situation within that area through the use of a birds eye view of the location and current situation of the location. 

Outside Broadcast

For this convention I have used the second news report video in which i had found eariler which had displayed forms of outside broadcast, this is when the television programme or in this case news report is filmed outside as opposed to within a studio, filming outside allows the presenter to be in an among the action and allows them to obtain footage which is far closer and more personal providing a more in depth and factual form of evidence to both the audience and the story. As the footage shows the presenter is shown to be filming outside within the riot as it happens live they are among the crowd and violence allowing for a higher amount of factual and video evidence for the audience. This convention impacts the audience as they are able to see the riot and situation from their own perspective which adds validity to the facts which the news report displays and distributes to the audience. The news reports information becomes far more in depth and factual when this convention is introduced to the news report as a whole as opposed to having the information given in the form of verbal communication without the use of video factual evidence. 

Cut away and noddies

Within this news report there are many areas in which the use of noddies is introduced, this convention is where the camera focuses on the persons face whilst being asked a question so that the camera picks up on their facial reactions during the question and during the answering process of the filming. This convention is evident at 16:23 of the video where the presenter is asked to give the overall vibe, atmosphere and morale of the location and the people within this location in this particular location at the particular time, the camera focuses on the face during the asking of the question to gauge his facial reaction to the situation as well as to the question in hand allowing the presenter to explain through the use of his facial expressions and hand gestures throughout the video. This impacts the audience as they are able to gauge his from his reaction what sort of feeling the current location has the facial expression gives a more personal and in depth explanation of the situation through the severity of the looks in which the presenter gives as well as the tone of voice through the answer. This allows the audience to better understand the information and current situation as well as to better interpret the information overall. 

Actuality footage

Through this news report there is a small amount of actuality footage which is shot, the footage is shot by passers by seeing the riots the news report takes these actuality footage and uses them within their report in order for them to be able to provide another form of factual evidence for the story and the audience. The actuality footage within this report is seen at 4:02 of the video whereby the footage of a store is shown to be looted this is filmed via the mobile phone of a member of public who has allowed the news to display their footage for the news report.

Reasons for using

Using this convention brings a number of benefits for both the audience viewing the news report as well as the news reporters themselves, this convention is used to bring another aspect of evidence and fact to the story it self for both the report and for the audience. By having footage which is roughly filmed through the use of a mobile phone from a member of public at the scene it adds legitimacy to the story and brings a larger amount of factual evidence for the audience to view and to see. It helps to overall back up the presenters claims and facts which they have stated allowing for a higher amount of validity. 

Amount used and context 

Due to the nature of the situation being heavily violent and action filled the amount of actuality footage filmed is not of a large quantity the amount of footage filmed is from 4:03 until 4:33 the amount of footage is limited due to the amount of violence and action happening at once and due to the nature of what could happen to the person filming if caught. The video allows the audience to the see action in context to what the presenter was saying the video backs up what the presenter had stated the conditions were like and allows for the audience to gain a point of view or context of the footage and situation. This helps the audience develop a better understanding and interpretation of the story itself as well as the overall report.